Write a program to find the
n
-th ugly number.
Ugly numbers are positive numbers whose prime factors only include
2, 3, 5
. For example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12
is the sequence of the first 10
ugly numbers.
Note that
1
is typically treated as an ugly number.
[Thoughts]
这就是多链表Merge Sort的一个扩展题。
对于任意一个ugly number - K, 2*K, 3*K, 和5*K都是ugly number,所以说新的ugly number都是从已有的ugly number上,通过与{2,3,5}相乘而产生的。
如果
Ugly Number: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, ..............
那么 1*2 2*2 3*2 4*2 5*2 6*2 8*2 10*2 .............. *2
1*3 2*3 3*3 4*3 5*3 6*3 8*3 10*3 .............. *3
1*5 2*5 3*5 4*5 5*5 6*5 8*5 10*5 .............. *5
都是ugly number。只要不断把新产生的ugly number通过merge sort添加到原有的ugly number数组中就可以了,直到找到第N个。
[Code]
1: class Solution {
2: public:
3: int nthUglyNumber(int n) {
4: vector<int> uglys(1, 1);
5: int p2 = 0, p3 = 0, p5 = 0;
6: while (uglys.size() < n) {
7: int ugly2 = uglys[p2] * 2, ugly3 = uglys[p3] * 3, ugly5 = uglys[p5] * 5;
8: int min_v = min(ugly2, min(ugly3, ugly5));
9: if (min_v == ugly2) ++p2;
10: if (min_v == ugly3) ++p3;
11: if (min_v == ugly5) ++p5;
12: if(min_v != uglys.back()) {
13: // skip duplicate
14: uglys.push_back(min_v);
15: }
16: }
17: return uglys[n-1];
18: }
19: };
考虑到通用性,可以扩展如下,可以支持任意长度的因子数组factors。
1: class Solution {
2: public:
3: int nthUglyNumber(int n) {
4: vector<int> factors{ 2, 3, 5};
5: return nthUglyNumberGeneral(n, factors);
6: }
7: int nthUglyNumberGeneral(int n, vector<int>& factors) {
8: vector<int> uglys(1,1);
9: vector<int> indexes(factors.size(), 0);
10: while(uglys.size() < n) {
11: int min_v = INT_MAX;
12: int min_index = 0;
13: for(int k =0; k< factors.size(); k++) {
14: int temp = uglys[indexes[k]] * factors[k];
15: if(temp < min_v) {
16: min_v = temp;
17: min_index = k;
18: }
19: }
20: indexes[min_index]++;
21: // need to avoid duplicate ugly number
22: if(uglys[uglys.size()-1] != min_v) {
23: uglys.push_back(min_v);
24: }
25: }
26: return uglys[n-1];
27: }
28: };
从空间的优化来说,没有必要用一个uglys的数组保存所有的ugly number,尤其是当n是个非常大的数字。对于indexes指针扫过的ugly number,都可以丢掉了。不过,懒得写了。
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